Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria can secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in their growth and\nmetabolism process. Originally, OMVs were considered as a by-product of bacterial merisis. However, many scientists\nhave reported the important role of OMVs in many fields recently. In this review, we briefly introduce OMVs biological\nfunctions and then summarize the findings about the OMVs interactions with host cells. At last, we will make an\nexpectation about the prospects of the application of OMVs as vaccines....
Four studies have compared a possible decrease in circulating blood volume\nin Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients\nwhen compared to a healthy population. A more recent study has proven a\ncorrelation between RBC volume and OI in chronic OI patients without being\ndiagnosed ME/CFS. The aim of the present study was to relate measured\nblood, RBC and plasma volumes (absolute and percent normalized) with the\northostatic intolerance complaints in ME/CFS patients. In the included 11\nfemale ME/CFS patients, percentage decrease in normalized blood, RBC and\nplasma volume was similar for all three components: 83% Â} 12%, 83% Â} 12%\nand 83% Â} 11%, respectively. In patients with a clinical suspicion of OI (n =\n7) all 3 volume components were significantly lower compared to patients\nwithout clinical suspicion of OI (n = 4). The difference percentage to normalized\nBlood volume was 77(7) vs 94(10) (p-value < 0.02), difference percentage\nto normalized RBC volume was 76(7) vs 96(10) (p-value < 0.01) and\ndifference percentage to normalized plasma volume was 77(7) vs 93(10)\n(p-value < 0.05) in OI present versus absent. Plasma volumes were plotted\nagainst RBC volumes: the relation found was RBC volume = 0.99* Plasma\nvolume + 1.55; p < 0.001; r = 0.90. In line with literature data, this pilot study\nshows that total blood volume and its components: RBC and plasma volume\nmay be reduced in ME/CFS patients, especially in the presence of a clinical\nsuspicion of OI....
Background: Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)- deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a newly identified rare\nsubtype of RCC, having only gained acceptance from the World Health Organization in 2016. To the best of our\nknowledge, there are only 55 reported cases worldwide. Here, we report a new case of SDH-deficient RCC.\nCase presentation: A 49-year-old male patient was incidentally found to have a large right renal mass. He had no\npersonal or family history of paragangliomas (PGL), pheochromocytomas (PC), or gastrointestinal stromal tumors\n(GIST). The neoplasm was unilateral and unifocal. He underwent an open partial nephrectomy. Detailed pathological\nanalysis was conducted to confirm the diagnosis. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic mutation in the SDHB\ngene. He has been followed for 24 months now and has remained well without any evidence of local or distant\nrecurrence. In this report we describe our experience with this diagnosis and review the relevant clinical,\npathological, and genetic features.\nConclusions: Without the identification of SDHB deficiency, this patientâ??s personal and familial predisposition to PC,\nPGL, GIST and metachronous RCCs may have gone undetected despite his RCC diagnosis. When faced with an\neosinophilic RCC, pathologists should routinely search for vacuoles or flocculent cytoplasmic inclusions. When these\nare present, or in cases of difficult eosinophilic renal tumors, staining for SDHB is recommended. For tumours\nwithout adverse pathologic features (i.e. high nuclear grade, coagulative necrosis, or sarcomatoid differentiation)\nexcision alone may be a reasonable option, with the addition of regular surveillance for PC and PGLs in those\nfound to harbor germline SDH mutations....
Abstract: The HIV-1 mature capsid (CA) assumes an amorphous, fullerene conical configuration\ndue to its high flexibility. How native CA self-assembles is still unclear despite having well-defined\nstructures of its pentamer and hexamer building blocks. Here we explored the self-assembly of an\nengineered capsid protein built through artificial disulfide bonding (CA N21C/A22C) and determined\nthe structure of one fraction of the globular particles. CA N21C/A22C was found to self-assemble\ninto particles in relatively high ionic solutions. These particles contained disulfide-bonding hexamers\nas determined via non-reducing SDS-PAGE, and exhibited two major components of 57.3 S and 80.5 S\nin the sedimentation velocity assay. Particles had a globular morphology, approximately 40 nm in\ndiameter, in negative-staining TEM. Through cryo-EM 3-D reconstruction, we determined a novel\nT = 4 icosahedral structure of CA, comprising 12 pentamers and 30 hexamers at 25 Ã? resolution.\nWe engineered the HIV-1 V3 loop to the CA particles, and found the resultant particles resembled the\nmorphology of their parental particles in TEM, had a positive reaction with V3-specific neutralizing\nantibodies, and conferred neutralization immunogenicity in mice. Our results shed light on HIV CA\nassembly and provide a particulate CA for epitope display....
--NA--...
Loading....